TikTok has stated it will not implement end-to-end encryption (E2EE) for direct messages, arguing that the technology would hinder its ability to protect users—particularly young people—by preventing safety teams and law enforcement from accessing harmful content when necessary. This stance contrasts with many rival platforms that use E2EE to prioritize user privacy, and it occurs amid ongoing scrutiny of TikTok's data practices due to its Chinese ownership. The decision has drawn support from child protection advocates but places TikTok at odds with global privacy trends that favor encrypted communications.
TikTok won't protect DMs with controversial privacy tech, saying it would put users at risk
TikTok will not introduce end-to-end encryption (E2EE) - the controversial privacy feature used by nearly all its rivals - arguing it makes users less safe.
E2EE means only the sender and recipient of a direct message can view its contents, making it the most secure form of communication available to the general public.
Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and X have embraced it because they say their priority is maximising user privacy.
But critics have said E2EE makes it harder to stop harmful content spreading online, because it means tech firms and law enforcement have no way of viewing any material sent in direct messages.
The situation is made more complex because TikTok has long faced accusations that ties to the Chinese state may put users' data at risk.
TikTok has consistently denied this, but earlier this year the social media firm's US operations were separated from its global business on the orders of US lawmakers.
TikTok has not commented before on why it chooses not to use E2EE.
But the company has now told the BBC it believes the technology prevents police and safety teams from being able to read direct messages if they needed to.
It confirmed its approach in a briefing to the BBC about security at its London office - saying it wanted to protect users, especially young people, from harm.
It described this stance as a deliberate decision to set itself apart from rivals.
TikTok, which claims to have 30 million monthly users in the UK and more than a billion worldwide, has faced scrutiny over its data protection practices.
The social video platform is headquartered in Los Angeles and Singapore, but owned by Chinese tech giant ByteDance.
Social media industry analyst Matt Navarra said TikTok's decision to "swim against the tide" is a savvy one - but comes with "pretty combustible optics".
"Grooming and harassment risks are very real in DMs [direct messages] so TikTok now can credibly argue that it's prioritising 'proactive safety' over 'privacy absolutism' which is a pretty powerful soundbite," he told the BBC.
But Navarra said the move also "puts TikTok out of step with global privacy expectations" and might reinforce wariness for some about its ownership.
E2EE has been hailed by privacy experts as the best way to protect conversations from hackers, corporations and even repressive authorities trying to snoop on users.
Which apps use end-to-end encryption?
- E2EE is the default technology used in Signal, WhatsApp, Facebook DMs/ Messenger, Apple's iMessage and Google Messages
- Instagram is in the process of making it default for DMs
- X (formerly Twitter) DMs are E2EE-like but some critics argue the platform's system is not as secure as the industry standard
- It is offered as a choice on Telegram but not as default
- Snapchat uses it for DM pictures and videos. Snap previously said it plans to roll out more widely to include text content too
- On Monday, Discord announced that voice and video calls will soon be E2EE as default
End-to-end encryption has been criticised by governments, police forces and child protection charities.
They warn it allows criminals to harm users and share illegal content without authorities or platforms being able to investigate the content exchanged.
TikTok insists all direct messages are still secured using standard encryption, similar to services like Gmail.
It also says only authorised employees can look at direct messages and only in certain situations, such as in response to a valid law enforcement request or a user report about harmful behaviour.
UK child protection charity the NSPCC has welcomed TikTok's decision, citing the platform's popularity with young people.
"We know just how risky end-to-end-encrypted platforms can be for children, preventing the detection of child sexual abuse and exploitation and contributing to a worrying global decline in reports," said Rani Govender, its associate head of policy for child online safety.
The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), which monitors and removes child sexual abuse material from the internet, also applauded it.
"At a time where platforms seem to be rushing to implement end-to-end encryption whatever the implications, the conscious choice to step back from this on safety grounds is an important precedent," said Dan Sexton, the IWF's chief technology officer.
Alan Woodward, cyber security professor at Surrey University, said the company's "Chinese influence might be behind the decision," adding E2EE is "largely banned in China".
TikTok and Bytedance have repeatedly tried to allay concerns about the Chinese state accessing data belonging to Western users, for example by setting up what it calls Project Clover, which it says provides extra layers of protection for customers in Europe.
Industry watchers also suggest the firm's decision could be about keeping lawmakers on side by continuing to offer support to police in cases where safeguarding of its young user base is impacted.
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