The severe power crunch for AI data centers is prompting innovative location proposals, including offshore. Startup Aikido plans to submerge a demonstration data center off Norway this year, powered by a floating wind turbine, with a larger U.K. deployment targeted for 2028.
This offshore approach aims to solve multiple challenges: direct proximity to consistent wind power, simplified cooling using cold seawater, and avoidance of community opposition. However, it introduces new engineering hurdles due to the harsh, corrosive marine environment and the need to secure equipment against movement.
The concept is not entirely new, as Microsoft previously ran a successful two-year submerged data center trial but ultimately discontinued the project in 2024.
Main Topics: AI data center power demand, offshore/submerged data centers, renewable energy integration, engineering challenges, previous industry experiments.
The power crunch for AI data centers has gotten so severe that people — not just Elon Musk — are talking about launching servers into space so they can access solar power 24/7.
One startup thinks the ocean is a better place for them. Offshore wind developer Aikido is planning to submerge a 100-kilowatt demonstration data center off the coast of Norway this year. The small unit will live in the submerged pods of a floating offshore wind turbine.
If all goes well, the company hopes to build a larger version to deploy off the coast of the U.K. in 2028. That model will sport a 15 megawatt to 18 megawatt turbine that will feed a 10 megawatt to 12 megawatt data center.
The move offshore could solve a few challenges. Proximity to power is an obvious one, since the source will sit overhead. Winds offshore are more consistent than onshore, and a modest battery could bridge any lulls.
Submerged data centers could eliminate concerns from NIMBY (“not in my backyard”) groups who oppose data centers near their properties due to noise and and pollution concerns.
Lastly, by floating in cold seawater, cooling the servers would be a simpler proposition. (Cooling is one particularly vexing issue for orbital data centers, since they need to employ different techniques in the vacuum of space.)
But for all the challenges offshore data centers solve, they introduce a few more. The ocean is a harsh environment. While submerged servers wouldn’t be battered by waves, they also wouldn’t be completely stationary, so they’d need to be fully battened down. Seawater is also corrosive, so any equipment, including the container and power and data connections, will need to be hardened against it.
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Aikido isn’t the first company to propose sinking data centers in seawater. Microsoft first floated the idea over a decade ago, and in 2018 it launched an experiment off the coast of Scotland, which was modestly successful. Only six of more than 850 servers failed in the 25-month trial. (The data hall was filled with inert nitrogen gas, which might help explain the servers’ low failure rates.)
Microsoft accrued a number of patents over the years, which it open sourced in 2021. But by 2024, the company had deep-sixed the project.
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